Table 1

Genetic, cellular and functional information about mammalian syntaxins

Syntaxins

Chromosomal localization^*

Cellular localization

Tissue distribution

Known function

Syntaxin 1A (A and C)

7q11.23

Presynaptic plasma membrane

Neuronal and secretory cells

Neuronal exocytosis; regulated secretion

Syntaxin 1B

16p11.2

Presynaptic plasma membrane

Neuronal and secretory cells

Neuronal exocytosis; regulated secretion

Syntaxin 2 (A, B, C and D)

7

Plasma membrane

Ubiquitous

Exocytosis; morphoregulator during development

Syntaxin 3 (A, B, C and D)

11cen-11q12.3

Plasma membrane

Ubiquitous

Exocytosis

Syntaxin 4

16p13.13-16p12.3

Plasma membrane

Ubiquitous

Glut4 translocation

Syntaxin 5 (long and short form)

11cen-11q12.1

ER-Golgi boundary

Ubiquitous

ER-Golgi transport

Syntaxin 6

1

TGN

Ubiquitous

TGN-endosome transport; endosome-TGN transport; fusion of immature secretory granules

Syntaxin 7

6

Endosome

Ubiquitous

Late endosome fusion; late endosome-lysosome fusion

Syntaxin 8

17p12

Endosome

Ubiquitous

Late endosome fusion

Syntaxin 10

19p13.2

TGN

Ubiquitous

?

Syntaxin 11

6q23.1-6q25.3

TGN/late endosome

Ubiquitous

?

Syntaxin 12/13

1

Endosome

Ubiquitous

Recycling of surface protein; early endosome fusion

Syntaxin 16 (A, B and C)

20p11.23-20p11.21

Golgi/TGN

Ubiquitous

Early endosome-TGN transport

Syntaxin 17

?

Smooth ER

Steroidogenic tissues

Trafficking to smooth ER

Syntaxin 18

4

ER

?

ER-Golgi transport; ER homotypic fusion

Alternatively spliced isoforms, if known, are shown in brackets after each syntaxin. ^*The chromosomal localizations of mammalian syntaxins that are indicated are those of human, and are based on the information at the LocusLink site [15] of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).

Teng et al. Genome Biology 2001 2:reviews3012.1   doi:10.1186/gb-2001-2-11-reviews3012