Table 1 |
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Cdc42 and Rac effectors |
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| Effectors |
Biological functions |
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|
|
| Actin-associated proteins |
|
| Formins |
Actin polymerization; cell polarity; cytokinesis |
| IQGAP1 |
Actin organization; regulation of cell-cell contacts |
| WASP |
Actin polymerization |
| WAVE |
Actin polymerization |
| p140Sra-1 |
Actin organization |
| Adaptor proteins |
|
| POSH |
Jnk/NFκB activation |
| Par6 |
Cell polarity |
| Lipid kinases |
|
| DGK |
Phosphatidic acid levels; maybe also actin regulation |
| PI3K |
PIP3 levels; actin organization |
| PI5K |
PIP2 levels; actin organization |
| Miscellaneous proteins |
|
| Borg |
Actin organization |
| CIP4 |
Actin organization |
| NADPH oxidase |
ROS production; apoptosis |
| POR1 |
Actin organization |
| SPEC |
Actin organization |
| Phospholipases |
|
| PLC-β |
DAG/IP3 levels |
| PLD |
Phosphatidic acid levels; cytoskeletal reorganization |
| Serine/threonine kinases |
|
| MEKK |
Jnk activation |
| MLK |
Jnk activation |
| MRCK |
Actin organization |
| Pak |
Actin organization; MAPK/Jnk activation; apoptosis |
| p70S6K |
Transcription; cell-cycle progression; RNA processing |
| Tyrosine kinases |
|
| Ack |
Actin organization |
|
|
|
|
Abbreviations: Ack, activated cdc42-associated tyrosine kinase; Borg, binder of Rho GTPases; CIP4, Cdc42-interacting protein; DAG, diacylglycerol; DGK, diacylglycerol kinase; IP3, inositol trisphosphate; MEKK, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase; MLK, mixed-lineage kinase; MRCK, myotonic dystrophy kinase-related Cdc42-binding kinase; NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; Pak, p21-activated kinase; Par, partitioning defective; PIP2, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate; PIP3, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PI5K, phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate-5 kinase; PLC, phospholipase C; PLD, phospholipase D; POR1, partner of Rac; POSH, plenty of SH3 domains; p70S6K, 70 kDa ribosomal S6 kinase; p140Sra-1, specifically Rac1-associated protein; SPEC, small protein effector of Cdc42; WASP, Wiskott Aldrich syndrome protein; WAVE, WASP-like verproline-homologous protein. |
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Cotteret and Chernoff Genome Biology 2002 3:reviews0002.1 doi:10.1186/gb-2002-3-2-reviews0002 |
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