Table 2

Phenotypes of knockout mice lacking MMP genes
Genotype
 Phenotype
MMP2-/-
 Suppression of experimentally induced pancreatic carcinogenesis [85]; suppression of angiogenesis and tumor growth [86]; delayed mammary gland differentiation; mild growth retardation.
MMP3-/-
 Accelerated mammary gland adipogenesis [87]; delayed incisional wound healing [88]; resistance to contact dermatitis [89]; impaired ex vivo herniated disc resorption [90].
MMP7-/-
 Suppression of experimental adenoma growth [91]; defective innate intestinal immunity [70]; impaired tracheal wound re-epithelization [92]; defective prostate involution after castration [93]; impaired ex vivo herniated disc resorption [94]; impaired transepithelial migration of neutrophils [32]; reduced syndecan-1 shedding [32].
MMP9-/-
 Suppression of experimentally induced skin carcinogenesis [95]; suppression of experimentally induced pancreatic carcinogenesis [85]; decreased experimental metastasis [86]; delayed growth plate vascularization [96]; abnormal endochondral ossification [96]; defective in osteoclast recruitment [97]; resistance to bullous pemphigoid (skin blistering) [98]; resistance to experimentally induced aortic aneurysms [99]; prolonged contact dermatitis [89]; protection from ventricular enlargement after infarction [100]; protection from cardiac rupture after infarction [101]; diminished peripheral mononucleocyte infiltrate in glomerular nephritis [102]; impaired smooth muscle cell migration and geometrical arterial remodeling [103,104]; impaired cellular infiltration and bronchial hyper-responsiveness during allergen-induced airway inflammation [105]; impaired recruitment of stem and progenitor cells from the bone marrow following irradiation [106]; myocardial protection from ischemia and/or reperfusion [107].
MMP11-/-
 Suppression of experimentally induced mammary carcinogenesis [108]; decreased tumor cell survival and growth [109]; accelerated neointima formation after vessel injury [110].
MMP12-/-
 Resistance to cigarette-smoke-induced emphysema [111].
MMP14-/-
 Severe abnormalities in bone and connective tissue [76,77]; reduced collagen turnover [76]; impaired endochondral ossification [76,77]; defective angiogenesis [76,77].

Data in the table are modified from [5,77,83,112].

Somerville et al. Genome Biology 2003 4:216   doi:10.1186/gb-2003-4-6-216