Research

A compendium of Caenorhabditis elegans regulatory transcription factors: a resource for mapping transcription regulatory networks

John S Reece-Hoyes^1* , Bart Deplancke^2* , Jane Shingles¹ , Christian A Grove² , Ian A Hope¹ and Albertha JM Walhout²

¹  Institute of Integrative and Comparative Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK

²  Program in Gene Function and Expression and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, 364 Plantation Street, Lazare Research Building, Room 605, MA 01605, USA

author email corresponding author email* Contributed equally

Genome Biology 2005, 6:R110doi:10.1186/gb-2005-6-13-r110

Published:	30 December 2005

Subject areas: Genome studies, Model organisms, Molecular biology, Bioinformatics

Abstract

Background

Transcription regulatory networks are composed of interactions between transcription factors and their target genes. Whereas unicellular networks have been studied extensively, metazoan transcription regulatory networks remain largely unexplored. Caenorhabditis elegans provides a powerful model to study such metazoan networks because its genome is completely sequenced and many functional genomic tools are available. While C. elegans gene predictions have undergone continuous refinement, this is not true for the annotation of functional transcription factors. The comprehensive identification of transcription factors is essential for the systematic mapping of transcription regulatory networks because it enables the creation of physical transcription factor resources that can be used in assays to map interactions between transcription factors and their target genes.

Results

By computational searches and extensive manual curation, we have identified a compendium of 934 transcription factor genes (referred to as wTF2.0). We find that manual curation drastically reduces the number of both false positive and false negative transcription factor predictions. We discuss how transcription factor splice variants and dimer formation may affect the total number of functional transcription factors. In contrast to mouse transcription factor genes, we find that C. elegans transcription factor genes do not undergo significantly more splicing than other genes. This difference may contribute to differences in organism complexity. We identify candidate redundant worm transcription factor genes and orthologous worm and human transcription factor pairs. Finally, we discuss how wTF2.0 can be used together with physical transcription factor clone resources to facilitate the systematic mapping of C. elegans transcription regulatory networks.

Conclusion

wTF2.0 provides a starting point to decipher the transcription regulatory networks that control metazoan development and function.