Figure 2.

The CANARY method (cellular analysis and notification of antigen risks and yields) [19]. B lymphocytes were engineered to express calcium-dependent bioluminescent aequorin in the cytosol as well as pathogen-specific antibodies on the cell surface. Ligation of the antibody by the pathogen causes an elevation in intracellular calcium ions, thus triggering emission of light from the aequorin within seconds of pathogen contact.