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The most frequently used transposable element systems in metazoan models and some of their main characteristics |
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| Transposon name |
Transposon family |
Tolerated cargo size |
Target site sequence |
Chromatic integration pattern |
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| Minos (Drosophila hydei) [112] |
Tc1 |
Possibly similar to other Tc1/mariner transposons |
TA [113] |
No preference for genes. Gene hits dominantly target introns [114] |
| Mos1 (Drosophila mauritiana) [115] |
Mariner |
Sensitive to increased cargo size [116] |
TA [115] |
Possibly similar to other Tc1/mariner transposons |
| P element (Drosophila melanogaster) [44,45] |
P |
Usually the cargo size is not limiting utility (10 to 20 kb routinely handled) |
Heterogenic [117] |
Bias for 5' regulatory sequences [61,62] |
| piggyBac (Trichoplusia ni cell line TN-368) [118] |
piggyBac |
Efficiency drops above 9.1 kb in pronucleus injected mice [68] |
TTAA [119] |
High preference for transcription units, (but the pattern is distinct from the P element pattern) [11,62,68] |
| Sleeping Beauty (salmonid fish) [67] |
Tc1 |
Increased cargo size exponentially decreasing the efficiency in cultured cells [120] |
TA [67] |
Slight preference for genes. Gene hits dominantly target introns [12,121] |
| Tc1 (Caenorhabditis elegans) [29] |
Tc1 |
Increased cargo size exponentially decreasing the efficiency in cultured cells [122] |
TA [123] |
Mild preference for introns in C. elegans [124] |
| Tc3 (C. elegans) [125] |
Tc1 |
Possibly similar to Tc1 |
TA [123] |
Mild preference for introns in C. elegans [124] |
| Tol2 (Oryzias latipes [medaka fish]) [126] |
hAT |
11.7 kb did not reduce transgenesis rates in zebrafish [127]; >10 kb transposons jump efficiently in human cells [98] |
Heterogenic [72] |
May prefer the 5' regions of genes [128] |
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kb, kilobases. | ||||
Mátés et al. Genome Biology 2007 8(Suppl 1):S1 doi:10.1186/gb-2007-8-s1-s1 |
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