Table 2 |
|||||
|
Reproduction of 14-day-old Daphnia magna exposed for 8 days to ibuprofen |
|||||
|
Brood |
Control |
20 mg/l ibuprofen |
40 mg/l ibuprofen |
80 mg/l ibuprofen |
|
|
|
|||||
|
Brood release and adult moultinga (age [days]) |
3rd |
15.0 ± 0.00 |
15.2 ± 0.20 |
15.2 ± 0.20 |
15.2 ± 0.20 |
|
4th |
18.2 ± 0.20 |
18.4 ± 0.24 |
18.6 ± 0.24 |
18.4 ± 0.24 |
|
|
5th |
21.2 ± 0.20 |
21.4 ± 0.24 |
21.4 ± 0.24 |
21.2 ± 0.20 |
|
|
Fecundity (average number of offspring/brood) |
3rd |
22.8 ± 1.59 |
19.6 ± 2.42 |
18.8 ± 2.82 |
24.6 ± 3.14 |
|
4th |
28.4 ± 1.40 |
30.0 ± 0.95 |
8.20 ± 1.43* |
0.00 ± 0.00* |
|
|
5th |
42.0 ± 1.64 |
41.4 ± 2.25 |
6.60 ± 1.54* |
1.00 ± 0.45* |
|
|
Embryo abortion (average number of abortions/brood) |
3rd |
Nil |
Nil |
Nil |
Nil |
|
4th |
Nil |
Nil |
Observedb |
Observedb |
|
|
5th |
0.20 ± 0.20 |
0.20 ± 0.20 |
7.20 ± 3.20 |
20.6 ± 7.08* |
|
|
Production of male offspringc |
3rd |
Na |
NA |
NA |
NA |
|
4th |
Nil |
Nil |
Nil |
Nil |
|
|
5th |
Nil |
Nil |
Nil |
Nil |
|
|
|
|||||
|
Values are expressed as mean ± standard error (n = 5). Asterisks (*) denote a significant (P < 0.05, analysis of variance) difference from controls. aMoulting follows brood release in mature female daphnids and was assessed by counting shed carapaces (after moulting new eggs are deposited from the ovaries into the brood chamber with the incubation period corresponding to the intermoult period). bAborted embryos were not quantified, but a few were observed in 40 mg/l ibuprofen, and considerable numbers in 80 mg/l ibuprofen, comparable to 5th brood. cFourth and fifth brood neonates were reared to adulthood (about 9 days) in uncontaminated media until every individual had produced their first brood. NA, not applicable. |
|||||
|
Heckmann et al. Genome Biology 2008 9:R40 doi:10.1186/gb-2008-9-2-r40 |
|||||
