¹ Biomedical Informatics, Stanford University, 251 Campus Drive,, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA

² Center for Computational Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, PO Box 6511, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA

³ School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, 2 Buccleuch Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9LW, UK

⁴ Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA

⁵ Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), Schloss Birlinghoven, D-53754, Sankt Augustin, Germany

⁶ University and Hospitals of Geneva, 24 Micheli du Crest, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland

⁷ School of Information, University of California, Berkeley, 102 South Hall, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA

⁸ Institut für Informatik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Amalienstr. 17, 80333 Munich, Germany

⁹ Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Arizona State University, 699 S. Mill Avenue, Tempe, Arizona, 85281, USA

¹⁰ Biotechnological Centre, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-51, 1307 Dresden, Germany

¹¹ School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-Zhi Street, Mailbox 319, No. 92, Harbin, 150001, China

¹² Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan

¹³ Bioalma, Biolma, Ronda de Poniente, 4, 2 C-D, Tres Cantos, Madrid, E-28760, Spain

¹⁴ Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street TAC 309, New Haven, Connecticut, 06510, USA

¹⁵ Division of Computational Bioscience, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA

¹⁶ Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Biomathematics, Georgetown University Medical Center, 4000 Reservoir Rd. NW, Washington, District of Columbia, 20057, USA

¹⁷ Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, 128 Academic Road, Section 2, Taipei, Taiwan

¹⁸ Biosemantics Group, Medical Informatics Department, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

¹⁹ Information Technology Center, The MITRE Corporation, 202 Burlington Road, Bedford, Massachusetts, 01730 USA