Genome Biology

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Genome-wide comparative analysis of the Brassica rapa gene space reveals genome shrinkage and differential loss of duplicated genes after whole genome triplication

Jeong-Hwan Mun1, Soo-Jin Kwon1, Tae-Jin Yang2, Young-Joo Seol1, Mina Jin1, Jin-A Kim1, Myung-Ho Lim1, Jung Sun Kim1, Seunghoon Baek1, Beom-Soon Choi3, Hee-Ju Yu4, Dae-Soo Kim5, Namshin Kim5, Ki-Byung Lim6, Soo-In Lee1, Jang-Ho Hahn1, Yong Pyo Lim7, Ian Bancroft8 and Beom-Seok Park1*

Author Affiliations

1 Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, 150 Suin-ro, Gwonseon-gu, Suwon 441-707, Korea

2 Department of Plant Science College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Sillim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-921, Korea

3 National Instrumentation Center for Environmental Management, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Sillim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-921, Korea

4 Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Tap-dong 540-41, Gwonseon-gu, Suwon 441-440, Korea

5 Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 111 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Korea

6 School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea

7 Department of Horticulture, Chungnam National University, 220 Kung-dong, Yusong-gu, Daejon 305-764, Korea

8 John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Centre, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK

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Genome Biology 2009, 10:R111 doi:10.1186/gb-2009-10-10-r111

Published: 12 October 2009

Additional files

Additional data file 1:

Table S1: summary of B. rapa sequence contigs, constituent BAC associations, and targeting of homologous regions of A. thaliana based on BLASTZ matches. Table S2: location of sequence contigs on the B. rapa chromosomes according to a combination of genetic map position, FISH results, physical map contig, and positional information from A. thaliana counterparts. Table S3: statistics of microsynteny in the synteny blocks identified by a genome comparison of B. rapa and A. thaliana. Table S4: identification of sister blocks produced by the same polyploidy events in the Br genome based on At-At and At-Br relationships. Table S5: identification of sister blocks produced by the same polyploidy events in the Bo genome. Table S6: sources of genomic and transcript sequences used in this study.

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Additional data file 2:

Figure S1: comparison of homologous block end-point distances between 410 B. rapa sequence contigs and their Arabidopsis counterpart regions, indicating a genome shrinkage of approximately 30% in B. rapa. Figure S2: abundance of different transposable element types in the B. rapa genome. Figure S3: comparison of Brassica 'A' genome structures between B. rapa and B. napus. Genome blocks were defined based on 24 AK genome building blocks. The genome structure of Bna was obtained from the reports of Parkin et al. [23] and Schranz et al. [37]. Regions characterized by significant rearrangements (pink box) or insertions/deletions (gray box) between genomes are highlighted by colored boxes. Scale bars on the margins indicate megabase-pairs (Mbp) for Br or centi-Morgans (cM) for Bna. Blocks with the opposite orientation relative to AK are indicated by a gray upward-pointing arrow on the right side of the block. Figure S4: dot plot of B. rapa compared with itself. Each dot in the dot plot represents a reciprocal best BLASTP match between gene pairs at a cutoff value of <E-20. Red dots show the regions of synteny identified by DiagHunter.

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Additional data file 3:

The data provided include two worksheets. Gene correspondence data for the 227 synteny blocks identified by DiagHunter are provided in the worksheet entitled 'blocks.' The synteny quality of the blocks is included in the worksheet named 'quality'; tandem duplicated genes were considered to be single homologs. The quality of synteny was defined as described in the Materials and methods.

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Additional data file 4:

This dataset indicates the block order, orientation, and color-coding used for each AK block. The synteny-defined block boundaries on the Br chromosomes identified by DiagHunter were defined according to the At locus name described by Schranz et al. [37]. Supporting data, including gene correspondences in all synteny blocks, are included in the worksheet 'At-Br matches in synteny blocks'. Mapping of AK blocks to the Br chromosomes, including block boundaries and orientation, is provided in the worksheet 'AK blocks to Br'. A summary table and graph of AK mapping to the Br chromosomes is provided in the worksheet 'Br chr. chart'.

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