Table 2

Dating of gene duplication of mitochondrial proteins compared to time when the mitochondrial targeting signal appeared in the protein sequence

Paralogs

Duplication before the divergence of

Targeting signal found in

TOP1MT, TOP1

Vertebrates

Vertebrates (Gallus gallus)

TFB2M, DIMT1L

Animals

Animals (Anopheles gambiae)

NUDT8, NUDT7

Animals

Animals (Drosophila melanogaster)

SIRT3, SIRT2

Coelomata to chordata*

Vertebrates (Danio rerio)

HTRA2, HTRA1

Vertebrates

Vertebrates (Danio rerio)

PDE12, CNOT6

Animals

Chordates (Ciona intestinalis)

PECI, CDYL

Animals

Animals (Caenorhabditis elegans)

HINT2, HINT1

Animals

Animals (Drosophila melanogaster)

GOT2, GOT1

Animals

Animals (Drosophila melanogaster)

The names of genes encoding mitochondrial proteins are highlighted in bold. *While species overlap suggests a duplication at the root of chordata, the species distribution within the SIRT2 and SIRT3 branches suggest an earlier duplication and multiple losses in many evolutionary branches.

Szklarczyk and Huynen Genome Biology 2009 10:R135   doi:10.1186/gb-2009-10-11-r135