Figure 3.

Validation of drug-induced regulation of gene expression. (a) Bar graphs summarizing qPCR-based measurement of changes in selected gene expression after the indicated drug injection, presented as fold change over the saline control group with standard error (n = 5 to 6). Significant differences in the main effects from multivariate ANOVA for drug treatment are indicated by asterisks (***P < 0.001) and from the Bonferroni post-hoc test (versus appropriate saline control) by dollar signs (P < 0.05). (b) Bar graphs summarizing qPCR-based measurement of selected gene expression after morphine (MOR) injection in the home cage or during CPP acquisition and expression. Results are presented as fold change over the saline control group (SAL) with standard error (n = 6 to 7). Significant differences in transcript abundance between the morphine-treated and control animals obtained by a t-test are indicated by dollar signs (P < 0.05).