Figure 3.

Effect of carbon exchange and reversibility constraints. (a) De novo biosynthesis of pyrimidine ribonucleotides in E. coli discussed in Faust et al. [13]. (b) Shortest pathway from glucose to pyruvate in E. coli. 2DDG6P, 2-Dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate; 6PGC, 6-Phospho-D-gluconate; 6PGL, 6-phospho-D-glucono-1,5-lactone; AcCoA, Acetyl-CoA; ACCOAC, acetyl-CoA carboxylase; AcGlc-D, 6-Acetyl-D-glucose; ASPCT, aspartate carbamoyltransferase; CBASP, N-Carbamoyl-L-aspartate; CBP, Carbamoyl phosphate; CBPS, carbamoyl-phosphate synthase; CDP, cytidine-diphosphate; CTPS2, CTP synthase; D-Glc, D-Glucose; DHOr-S, (S)-Dihydroorotate; DHORTS, dihydroorotase; DHORD2, dihydoorotic acid dehydrogenase; EDA, 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-phosphogluconate aldolase; EDD, 6-phosphogluconate dehydratase; G6PDH2r, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase; GLCATr, D-glucose O-acetyltransferase; G3P, Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate; G6P, D-Glucose 6-phosphate; GLX, Glyoxylate; HCO3, Bicarbonate; HEX1, hexokinase; L-Asp, L-Aspartate; L-Glu, L-Glutamate; L-Gln, L-Glutamine; L-Mal, L-Malate; OMPDC, orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase; ORPT, orotate phosphoribosyltransferase; MalCoa, Malonyl-CoA; MALS, malate synthase; ME1, malic enzyme; NDPK2, nucleoside-diphosphate kinase; NDPK3, nucleoside-diphosphate kinase; Orot, Orotate; Orot5P, Orotidine 5'-phosphate; PGL 6-phosphogluconolactonase; PRPP, 5-Phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate; Pyr, Pyruvate; UMPK, UMP kinase.