Figure 5.

The multiple pathways of mutational adaptation within evolving E. coli populations. The dendrograms were constructed based on the mutations identified by whole genome resequencing using the maximum parsimony method in PAST [69]. The trees are rooted using the ancestral genome, BW2952 (black box with white type), as out-group. The mutational events (numbers in parentheses) in dendrograms that distinguish the evolved isolates are labeled with numbers in Table S4 in Additional file 1. Color coding of nodes in the trees is indicative of PC groupings. For detailed information about the mutational events see Table S4 in Additional file 1.