Figure 3.

Example of cross-species phenotype interoperability using the entity/quality (EQ) formalism. This example depicts a mapping between two species-oriented concepts (HP:0001600 (Abnormality of the larynx) in human and MP:0002249 (Abnormal larynx morphology) in mouse) denoting the same conceptual phenotype. As opposed to classic mapping mechanisms, where a direct relation would be created between the two concepts, here the mapping is realized by transforming each phenotype in a post-composed format (that is, EQ statements), followed by the alignment of the corresponding elementary items. The quality is captured by a single common entity (PATO:000460 - Abnormal), while the anatomical terms are bridged via a term defined by an overarching anatomical ontology. FMA, Foundation Model of Anatomy; MA, Mouse Adult Gross Anatomy Ontology; MP, Mouse Phenotype Ontology; PATO, Phenotype and Trait Ontology.