Genome Biology | Volume 2 Issue 4

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	Volume 2 Issue 4
	Comment
	Comment The slide rule and the calculator Gregory A Petsko Genome Biology 2001, 2:comment1004-comment1004.2 (6 April 2001) Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Now that the race to sequence the human genome is over, who won?
	Comment An apology for orthologs - or brave new memes Eugene V Koonin Genome Biology 2001, 2:comment1005-comment1005.2 (6 April 2001) Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Some people object to the proliferation of new terms - but they are in fact critical for the development of the field of genomics, and only the fittest will survive.
	Review
	Review A tale of histone modifications Patrick A Grant Genome Biology 2001, 2:reviews0003-reviews0003.6 (5 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary The modification of chromatin structure is important for a number of nuclear functions, exemplified by the regulation of transcription. This review discusses recent studies of covalent histone modifications and the enzymatic machines that generate them.
	Protein family review Dystrophins and dystrobrevins Roland G Roberts Genome Biology 2001, 2:reviews3006-reviews3006.7 (5 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Dystrophins and dystrobrevins together form the core of large membrane-bound complexes in muscular and neural tissues of most animals. Disruption of the complex causes myopathies such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
	Minireview Ancient flowering plants: DNA sequences and angiosperm classification Mark W Chase, Michael F Fay Genome Biology 2001, 2:reviews1012-reviews1012.4 (22 March 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Phylogenetic analyses of gene sequences provide a clear pattern of which extant flowering plant genera diversified earliest. Combined with complete genomic sequences, these data will vastly improve understanding of the genetic basis of plant diversity.
	Minireview Genome-wide analysis of protein-DNA interactions in living cells B Franklin Pugh, David S Gilmour Genome Biology 2001, 2:reviews1013-reviews1013.3 (4 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Understanding the regulation of gene expression requires an analysis of gene-specific transcription factors. This review highlights recent work that uses protein-DNA crosslinking, immunoprecipitation and DNA microarrays to determine the binding sites for specific transcription factors throughout the yeast genome.
	Opinion Goodbye to 'one by one' genetics Athanasios Theologis Genome Biology 2001, 2:comment2004-comment2004.9 (6 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary The completion of the Arabidopsis thaliana (mustard weed) genome sequence constitutes a major breakthrough in plant biology. It will revolutionize how we answer questions about the biology and evolution of plants as well as how we confront and resolve world-wide agricultural problems.
	Report
	Paper report Short interfering RNAs Edupalli V Subbaiah Genome Biology 2001, 2:reports0009 (7 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text
	Paper report Wolbachia-induced reproductive isolation Rachel Allen Genome Biology 2001, 2:reports0011 (9 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Infection with the bacterium Wolbachia is sufficient to establish a reproductive barrier between two otherwise compatible species of wasp, making Wolbachia a potential driving force in evolution.
	Paper report Finding transcription factor binding sequences Rachel Brem Genome Biology 2001, 2:reports0010 (12 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text
	Meeting report Transcription of the genome: don't read it all at once Merlin Crossley Genome Biology 2001, 2:reports4008-reports4008.3 (4 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary A report on the 22nd Annual Lorne Conference on the Organization and Expression of the Genome, Lorne, Victoria, Australia, 11-15 February, 2001
	Meeting report The accelerating convergence of genomics and microbiology Gary K Schoolnik Genome Biology 2001, 2:reports4009-reports4009.2 (4 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary A report from Microbial Genomes, a joint conference of the American Society for Microbiology and the Institute for Genomic Research, Monterey, California, USA, 28-31 January, 2001.
	Meeting report Signaling in development David Chambers Genome Biology 2001, 2:reports4010-reports4010.3 (4 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary A report on the 'Integration of Signaling Pathways in Development' Keystone Symposium, Keystone, Colorado, USA, 27 January to 1 February 2001.
	Deposited research article The Adaptive Evolution Database (TAED) David A Liberles, David R Schreiber, Sridhar Govindarajan, Stephen G Chamberlin, Steven A Benner Genome Biology 2001, 2:preprint0003-preprint0003.18 (9 March 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary The ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous nucleotide substitution (Ka/Ks) has been estimated for each branch in the evolutionary trees of chordates and green plants. Branches with high Ka/Ks values represent candidate episodes where the protein may have undergone positive selection; these branches have been collected into a database called The Adaptive Evolution Database (TAED).
	Research news The power of the electronic thesis Anita Chakraverty Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010402-01 (2 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Delegates at a conference last week called for more academic institutions to make theses and dissertations available online.
	Research news Benefits of mutation Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010402-04 (2 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary A study of bacterial colonization of the mouse gut shows that mutator alleles can provide short-term advantages and long-term disadvantages.
	Research news Screening for genes that control the wiring of the nervous system Kenneth Lee Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010402-02 (2 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary A genetic screen in Drosophila has identified 76 genes that, when misexpressed, lead to errors in axon pathfinding and synapse formation.
	Research news No vaccine exists for the UK's current strain of foot-and-mouth - but protection is possible in four days Robert Walgate Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010402-03 (2 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary As the UK government considers a limited foot-and-mouth disease vaccination programme, there's evidence that the current vaccines aren't perfect but high doses could help stop transmission.
	Research news Mouse model of a human neurological disorder Kenneth Lee Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010403-03 (3 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Mice lacking the NF1 gene product have some of the symptoms of neurofibromatosis type 1, a common neurological disorder in humans.
	Research news Bloom-in' flies Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010403-04 (3 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Characterization of the Drosophila homolog of the Bloom syndrome gene suggests a role in DNA double-strand break repair.
	Research news A caspase-independent apoptosis pathway Kenneth Lee Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010403-02 (3 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary The first wave of programmed cell death in the early mouse embryo requires apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and not caspases.
	Research news Healing with stem cells Tudor Toma Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010403-01 (3 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary A significant increase in revascularization of post-infarction myocardial tissue and new myocardium occurs after the administration of selected human stem cells.
	Research news The role of complement in spongiform encephalopathies Tudor Toma Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010404-01 (4 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Depletion of complement factors or the complement receptor significantly delays the onset of scrapie in a mouse model.
	Research news Are SNPs useful? Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010405-02 (5 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary A pooled DNA sequencing approach confirms the utility of candidate SNPs in the public database.
	Research news Adapting to the cold Kenneth Lee Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010405-01 (5 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary A gene involved in the adaptation of plants to low temperatures has been characterized at the molecular level.
	Research news Leprosy locus Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010406-01 (6 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Genome-wide linkage analysis has identified a leprosy susceptibility locus on human chromosome 10.
	Research news Calcium dependent gene regulation Tudor Toma Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010409-01 (9 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Calcium signals, largely transduced through the phosphatase calcineurin, both activate and repress gene expression in T cells.
	Research news Modulation by matrix Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010409-02 (9 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary A gene-expression profiling study has provided details of the interplay between signals from the extracellular matrix and growth-factor receptors.
	Research news Long-lived flies Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010410-01 (10 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Mutations in genes of the insulin/IGF signaling pathway extend the life span of Drosophila.
	Research news Second-generation microarrays Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010411-01 (11 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Ink-jet oligonucleotide microarray technology offers a flexible system for gene expression profiling.
	Research news New technology reduces the profitability for new drugs John K Borchardt Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010412-03 (12 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary The recent American College of Cardiology meeting provided a striking example of how combinatorial chemistry is changing the face of the drugs market.
	Research news Genetic susceptibility of pre-eclampsia Tudor Toma Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010412-02 (12 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary A gene defect in the detoxifying enzyme epoxide hydrolase is associated with pre-eclampsia in pregnancy.
	Research news Retroviral link to schizophrenia? SPIS MedWire Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010412-01 (12 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Retroviral sequences in the human genome may contribute to some cases of schizophrenia.
	Research news Hypervirulent knockout Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010417-02 (17 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Leishmania genes that regulate pteridine metabolism are important for controlling parasite differentiation and virulence.
	Research news Shear stress Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010417-01 (17 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Vascular endothelial cells can sense different biomechanical conditions leading to distinct transcriptional responses.
	Research news Multigene family encoding malarial variance Kenneth Lee Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010418-01 (18 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary The identification of a multigene family in Plasmodium vivax may help explain how this malarial parasite maintains a chronic infection.
	Research news Fibroblast clocks Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010418-02 (18 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Cultured fibroblasts stimulated with endothelin-1 exhibit the molecular features of the circadian clock.
	Research news Streptococcus pyogenes genome exposed Tudor Toma Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010419-01 (19 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary The genome of Streptococcus pyogenes contains 1,752 predicted protein-encoding genes, more than 40 of them identified as putative virulence-associated genes.
	Research news Silencing the INK4A/ARF locus Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010419-02 (19 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary DNA methylation and histone deacetylation synergize to silence genes in cancer cells.
	Research news Mitochondrial DNA insertions Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010420-01 (20 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Cytological analysis reveals that the region of the Arabidopsis genome made up of a mitochondrial DNA insertion is much greater than originally thought.
	Research news The Staphylococcus aureus genome Tudor Toma Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010423-03 (23 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary The genome of Staphylococcus aureus contains genes acquired from a variety of organisms that are implicated in the development of antibiotic resistance.
	Research news Sweet success Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010423-04 (23 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Researchers have identified a candidate receptor gene for sweet tastes.
	Research news Antisense oligonucleotide treatment for human astrocytoma Tudor Toma Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010423-01 (23 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Antisense oligonucleotides against the insulin-like growth factor type I receptor of autologous glioma cells induces.
	Research news Bacteria rapidly develop resistance to new antibiotic John K Borchardt Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010423-02 (23 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary The new antibiotic linezolid has so far been effective against bacteria resistant to other antibiotics. But a limited study now indicates that vancomycin-resistant enterococcus can quickly become resistant to linezolid during extended treatment.
	Research news Rhythm disorder alleles Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010424-02 (24 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Analysis of the human Period3 clock gene identifies a polymorphism associated with a human sleep disorder.
	Research news What happens when nerve cells lose their way? Kenneth Lee Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010424-01 (24 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary The zebrafish gene astray encodes a molecule that helps guide axons from the eye to the brain.
	Research news Disruption in oligodendrocyte function indicated in schizophrenia SPIS MedWire Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010426-01 (26 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Five genes that are involved in the development and maintenance of myelin sheaths appear to be downregulated in people with schizophrenia.
	Research news Eaten by Daddy Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010426-02 (26 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Genetic analysis reveals that male fish eat their own young.
	Research news Amygdala arrays Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010427-02 (27 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Microarray analysis of different brain regions identifies molecular markers for amygdala subnuclei.
	Research news The origin of HIV-1 Kenneth Lee Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010427-01 (27 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Three independent studies quash the theory that experimental polio vaccines administered in Central Africa in the 1950s were the origin of the AIDS pandemic.
	Research news Chimp controversy Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010430-02 (30 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Sensitive PCR analysis of vaccine samples refutes the controversial hypothesis that the AIDS epidemic began with a contaminated oral polio vaccine.
	Research news Early detection of breast cancer by methylation-specific PCR Tudor Toma Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010430-01 (30 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary A combination of cytology and methylation markers in breast-duct fluid could be useful for detecting breast cancers that are missed by mammograms.
	Research
	Research A simple model based on mutation and selection explains trends in codon and amino-acid usage and GC composition within and across genomes Robin D Knight, Stephen J Freeland, Laura F Landweber Genome Biology 2001, 2:research0010-research0010.13 (22 March 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary A simple model of processes acting at the nucleotide level explains codon usage across a large sample of species and suggests that GC content drives codon usage.
	Research A novel sodium bicarbonate cotransporter-like gene in an ancient duplicated region: SLC4A9 at 5q31 Leonard Lipovich, Eric D Lynch, Ming K Lee, Mary-Claire King Genome Biology 2001, 2:research0011-research0011.13 (22 March 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary A novel sodium bicarbonate cotransporter-like gene SLC4A9 on chromosome 5q31 is expressed largely in the kidney and belongs to a growing class of functionally diverse genes characterized by inefficient highly variable splicing.
	Research A basis for a visual language for describing, archiving and analyzing functional models of complex biological systems Daniel L Cook, Joel F Farley, Stephen J Tapscott Genome Biology 2001, 2:research0012-research0012.10 (22 March 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary A computerized, internet-based graphical description language for systems biology will be essential for describing, archiving and analyzing complex problems of biological function. BioD, a prototype language, is described and used to explore the utility and feasibility of this approach.
	Research Conservation of the binding site for the arginine repressor in all bacterial lineages Kira S Makarova, Andrey A Mironov, Mikhail S Gelfand Genome Biology 2001, 2:research0013-research0013.8 (22 March 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Orthologs of the arginine repressor ArgR/AhrC have been identified in the complete genomes of eight bacterial species. The ArgR/AhrC recognition signal is conserved in all genomes that encode orthologous transcription factors of this family.
	Research Development of a 950-gene DNA array for examining gene expression patterns in mouse testis John C Rockett, J Christopher Luft, J Brian Garges, Stephen A Krawetz, Mark R Hughes, Kwan Hee Kirn, Asa J Oudes, David J Dix Genome Biology 2001, 2:research0014-research0014.9 (22 March 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary A mouse testis expression array has been produced on both filter and glass-slide formats, and lists of mouse and human genes expressed in the mouse and/or human adult testis assembled. Many of the genes are homologous and will enable close comparison of gene expression between mouse models and human clinical samples.

	Volume 2 Issue 4
	Comment
	Comment The slide rule and the calculator Gregory A Petsko Genome Biology 2001, 2:comment1004-comment1004.2 (6 April 2001) Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Now that the race to sequence the human genome is over, who won?
	Comment An apology for orthologs - or brave new memes Eugene V Koonin Genome Biology 2001, 2:comment1005-comment1005.2 (6 April 2001) Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Some people object to the proliferation of new terms - but they are in fact critical for the development of the field of genomics, and only the fittest will survive.
	Review
	Review A tale of histone modifications Patrick A Grant Genome Biology 2001, 2:reviews0003-reviews0003.6 (5 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary The modification of chromatin structure is important for a number of nuclear functions, exemplified by the regulation of transcription. This review discusses recent studies of covalent histone modifications and the enzymatic machines that generate them.
	Protein family review Dystrophins and dystrobrevins Roland G Roberts Genome Biology 2001, 2:reviews3006-reviews3006.7 (5 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Dystrophins and dystrobrevins together form the core of large membrane-bound complexes in muscular and neural tissues of most animals. Disruption of the complex causes myopathies such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
	Minireview Ancient flowering plants: DNA sequences and angiosperm classification Mark W Chase, Michael F Fay Genome Biology 2001, 2:reviews1012-reviews1012.4 (22 March 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Phylogenetic analyses of gene sequences provide a clear pattern of which extant flowering plant genera diversified earliest. Combined with complete genomic sequences, these data will vastly improve understanding of the genetic basis of plant diversity.
	Minireview Genome-wide analysis of protein-DNA interactions in living cells B Franklin Pugh, David S Gilmour Genome Biology 2001, 2:reviews1013-reviews1013.3 (4 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Understanding the regulation of gene expression requires an analysis of gene-specific transcription factors. This review highlights recent work that uses protein-DNA crosslinking, immunoprecipitation and DNA microarrays to determine the binding sites for specific transcription factors throughout the yeast genome.
	Opinion Goodbye to 'one by one' genetics Athanasios Theologis Genome Biology 2001, 2:comment2004-comment2004.9 (6 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary The completion of the Arabidopsis thaliana (mustard weed) genome sequence constitutes a major breakthrough in plant biology. It will revolutionize how we answer questions about the biology and evolution of plants as well as how we confront and resolve world-wide agricultural problems.
	Report
	Paper report Short interfering RNAs Edupalli V Subbaiah Genome Biology 2001, 2:reports0009 (7 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text
	Paper report Wolbachia-induced reproductive isolation Rachel Allen Genome Biology 2001, 2:reports0011 (9 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Infection with the bacterium Wolbachia is sufficient to establish a reproductive barrier between two otherwise compatible species of wasp, making Wolbachia a potential driving force in evolution.
	Paper report Finding transcription factor binding sequences Rachel Brem Genome Biology 2001, 2:reports0010 (12 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text
	Meeting report Transcription of the genome: don't read it all at once Merlin Crossley Genome Biology 2001, 2:reports4008-reports4008.3 (4 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary A report on the 22nd Annual Lorne Conference on the Organization and Expression of the Genome, Lorne, Victoria, Australia, 11-15 February, 2001
	Meeting report The accelerating convergence of genomics and microbiology Gary K Schoolnik Genome Biology 2001, 2:reports4009-reports4009.2 (4 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary A report from Microbial Genomes, a joint conference of the American Society for Microbiology and the Institute for Genomic Research, Monterey, California, USA, 28-31 January, 2001.
	Meeting report Signaling in development David Chambers Genome Biology 2001, 2:reports4010-reports4010.3 (4 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary A report on the 'Integration of Signaling Pathways in Development' Keystone Symposium, Keystone, Colorado, USA, 27 January to 1 February 2001.
	Deposited research article The Adaptive Evolution Database (TAED) David A Liberles, David R Schreiber, Sridhar Govindarajan, Stephen G Chamberlin, Steven A Benner Genome Biology 2001, 2:preprint0003-preprint0003.18 (9 March 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary The ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous nucleotide substitution (Ka/Ks) has been estimated for each branch in the evolutionary trees of chordates and green plants. Branches with high Ka/Ks values represent candidate episodes where the protein may have undergone positive selection; these branches have been collected into a database called The Adaptive Evolution Database (TAED).
	Research news The power of the electronic thesis Anita Chakraverty Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010402-01 (2 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Delegates at a conference last week called for more academic institutions to make theses and dissertations available online.
	Research news Benefits of mutation Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010402-04 (2 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary A study of bacterial colonization of the mouse gut shows that mutator alleles can provide short-term advantages and long-term disadvantages.
	Research news Screening for genes that control the wiring of the nervous system Kenneth Lee Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010402-02 (2 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary A genetic screen in Drosophila has identified 76 genes that, when misexpressed, lead to errors in axon pathfinding and synapse formation.
	Research news No vaccine exists for the UK's current strain of foot-and-mouth - but protection is possible in four days Robert Walgate Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010402-03 (2 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary As the UK government considers a limited foot-and-mouth disease vaccination programme, there's evidence that the current vaccines aren't perfect but high doses could help stop transmission.
	Research news Mouse model of a human neurological disorder Kenneth Lee Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010403-03 (3 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Mice lacking the NF1 gene product have some of the symptoms of neurofibromatosis type 1, a common neurological disorder in humans.
	Research news Bloom-in' flies Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010403-04 (3 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Characterization of the Drosophila homolog of the Bloom syndrome gene suggests a role in DNA double-strand break repair.
	Research news A caspase-independent apoptosis pathway Kenneth Lee Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010403-02 (3 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary The first wave of programmed cell death in the early mouse embryo requires apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and not caspases.
	Research news Healing with stem cells Tudor Toma Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010403-01 (3 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary A significant increase in revascularization of post-infarction myocardial tissue and new myocardium occurs after the administration of selected human stem cells.
	Research news The role of complement in spongiform encephalopathies Tudor Toma Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010404-01 (4 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Depletion of complement factors or the complement receptor significantly delays the onset of scrapie in a mouse model.
	Research news Are SNPs useful? Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010405-02 (5 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary A pooled DNA sequencing approach confirms the utility of candidate SNPs in the public database.
	Research news Adapting to the cold Kenneth Lee Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010405-01 (5 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary A gene involved in the adaptation of plants to low temperatures has been characterized at the molecular level.
	Research news Leprosy locus Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010406-01 (6 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Genome-wide linkage analysis has identified a leprosy susceptibility locus on human chromosome 10.
	Research news Calcium dependent gene regulation Tudor Toma Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010409-01 (9 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Calcium signals, largely transduced through the phosphatase calcineurin, both activate and repress gene expression in T cells.
	Research news Modulation by matrix Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010409-02 (9 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary A gene-expression profiling study has provided details of the interplay between signals from the extracellular matrix and growth-factor receptors.
	Research news Long-lived flies Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010410-01 (10 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Mutations in genes of the insulin/IGF signaling pathway extend the life span of Drosophila.
	Research news Second-generation microarrays Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010411-01 (11 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Ink-jet oligonucleotide microarray technology offers a flexible system for gene expression profiling.
	Research news New technology reduces the profitability for new drugs John K Borchardt Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010412-03 (12 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary The recent American College of Cardiology meeting provided a striking example of how combinatorial chemistry is changing the face of the drugs market.
	Research news Genetic susceptibility of pre-eclampsia Tudor Toma Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010412-02 (12 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary A gene defect in the detoxifying enzyme epoxide hydrolase is associated with pre-eclampsia in pregnancy.
	Research news Retroviral link to schizophrenia? SPIS MedWire Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010412-01 (12 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Retroviral sequences in the human genome may contribute to some cases of schizophrenia.
	Research news Hypervirulent knockout Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010417-02 (17 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Leishmania genes that regulate pteridine metabolism are important for controlling parasite differentiation and virulence.
	Research news Shear stress Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010417-01 (17 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Vascular endothelial cells can sense different biomechanical conditions leading to distinct transcriptional responses.
	Research news Multigene family encoding malarial variance Kenneth Lee Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010418-01 (18 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary The identification of a multigene family in Plasmodium vivax may help explain how this malarial parasite maintains a chronic infection.
	Research news Fibroblast clocks Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010418-02 (18 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Cultured fibroblasts stimulated with endothelin-1 exhibit the molecular features of the circadian clock.
	Research news Streptococcus pyogenes genome exposed Tudor Toma Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010419-01 (19 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary The genome of Streptococcus pyogenes contains 1,752 predicted protein-encoding genes, more than 40 of them identified as putative virulence-associated genes.
	Research news Silencing the INK4A/ARF locus Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010419-02 (19 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary DNA methylation and histone deacetylation synergize to silence genes in cancer cells.
	Research news Mitochondrial DNA insertions Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010420-01 (20 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Cytological analysis reveals that the region of the Arabidopsis genome made up of a mitochondrial DNA insertion is much greater than originally thought.
	Research news The Staphylococcus aureus genome Tudor Toma Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010423-03 (23 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary The genome of Staphylococcus aureus contains genes acquired from a variety of organisms that are implicated in the development of antibiotic resistance.
	Research news Sweet success Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010423-04 (23 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Researchers have identified a candidate receptor gene for sweet tastes.
	Research news Antisense oligonucleotide treatment for human astrocytoma Tudor Toma Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010423-01 (23 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Antisense oligonucleotides against the insulin-like growth factor type I receptor of autologous glioma cells induces.
	Research news Bacteria rapidly develop resistance to new antibiotic John K Borchardt Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010423-02 (23 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary The new antibiotic linezolid has so far been effective against bacteria resistant to other antibiotics. But a limited study now indicates that vancomycin-resistant enterococcus can quickly become resistant to linezolid during extended treatment.
	Research news Rhythm disorder alleles Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010424-02 (24 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Analysis of the human Period3 clock gene identifies a polymorphism associated with a human sleep disorder.
	Research news What happens when nerve cells lose their way? Kenneth Lee Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010424-01 (24 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary The zebrafish gene astray encodes a molecule that helps guide axons from the eye to the brain.
	Research news Disruption in oligodendrocyte function indicated in schizophrenia SPIS MedWire Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010426-01 (26 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Five genes that are involved in the development and maintenance of myelin sheaths appear to be downregulated in people with schizophrenia.
	Research news Eaten by Daddy Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010426-02 (26 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Genetic analysis reveals that male fish eat their own young.
	Research news Amygdala arrays Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010427-02 (27 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Microarray analysis of different brain regions identifies molecular markers for amygdala subnuclei.
	Research news The origin of HIV-1 Kenneth Lee Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010427-01 (27 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Three independent studies quash the theory that experimental polio vaccines administered in Central Africa in the 1950s were the origin of the AIDS pandemic.
	Research news Chimp controversy Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010430-02 (30 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Sensitive PCR analysis of vaccine samples refutes the controversial hypothesis that the AIDS epidemic began with a contaminated oral polio vaccine.
	Research news Early detection of breast cancer by methylation-specific PCR Tudor Toma Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010430-01 (30 April 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary A combination of cytology and methylation markers in breast-duct fluid could be useful for detecting breast cancers that are missed by mammograms.
	Research
	Research A simple model based on mutation and selection explains trends in codon and amino-acid usage and GC composition within and across genomes Robin D Knight, Stephen J Freeland, Laura F Landweber Genome Biology 2001, 2:research0010-research0010.13 (22 March 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary A simple model of processes acting at the nucleotide level explains codon usage across a large sample of species and suggests that GC content drives codon usage.
	Research A novel sodium bicarbonate cotransporter-like gene in an ancient duplicated region: SLC4A9 at 5q31 Leonard Lipovich, Eric D Lynch, Ming K Lee, Mary-Claire King Genome Biology 2001, 2:research0011-research0011.13 (22 March 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary A novel sodium bicarbonate cotransporter-like gene SLC4A9 on chromosome 5q31 is expressed largely in the kidney and belongs to a growing class of functionally diverse genes characterized by inefficient highly variable splicing.
	Research A basis for a visual language for describing, archiving and analyzing functional models of complex biological systems Daniel L Cook, Joel F Farley, Stephen J Tapscott Genome Biology 2001, 2:research0012-research0012.10 (22 March 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary A computerized, internet-based graphical description language for systems biology will be essential for describing, archiving and analyzing complex problems of biological function. BioD, a prototype language, is described and used to explore the utility and feasibility of this approach.
	Research Conservation of the binding site for the arginine repressor in all bacterial lineages Kira S Makarova, Andrey A Mironov, Mikhail S Gelfand Genome Biology 2001, 2:research0013-research0013.8 (22 March 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Orthologs of the arginine repressor ArgR/AhrC have been identified in the complete genomes of eight bacterial species. The ArgR/AhrC recognition signal is conserved in all genomes that encode orthologous transcription factors of this family.
	Research Development of a 950-gene DNA array for examining gene expression patterns in mouse testis John C Rockett, J Christopher Luft, J Brian Garges, Stephen A Krawetz, Mark R Hughes, Kwan Hee Kirn, Asa J Oudes, David J Dix Genome Biology 2001, 2:research0014-research0014.9 (22 March 2001) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary A mouse testis expression array has been produced on both filter and glass-slide formats, and lists of mouse and human genes expressed in the mouse and/or human adult testis assembled. Many of the genes are homologous and will enable close comparison of gene expression between mouse models and human clinical samples.

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Volume 2 Issue 4

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