Genome Biology | Volume 4 Issue 2

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	Volume 4 Issue 2
	Comment
	Comment Funky, not junky Gregory A Petsko Genome Biology 2003, 4:104 (29 January 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary In many respects, the most intriguing part of the mouse genome sequence is what it has told us about so-called 'junk' DNA sequences.
	Opinion Exploiting microarrays to reveal differential gene expression in the nervous system Robert S Griffin, Charles D Mills, Michael Costigan, Clifford J Woolf Genome Biology 2003, 4:105 (29 January 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary What is needed to get the most out of microarrays in terms of accurately and effectively revealing differential gene expression and regulation in the nervous system?
	Review
	Protein family review Sp1- and Krüppel-like transcription factors Joanna Kaczynski, Tiffany Cook, Raul Urrutia Genome Biology 2003, 4:206 (3 February 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Sp1-like proteins and Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are highly related zinc-finger proteins that are important components of the eukaryotic cellular transcriptional machinery. Members of the family have been identified in humans, frogs, worms and flies. They can function as activators or repressors depending on which promoter they bind and the coregulators with which they interact.
	Minireview Impressive expressions: developing a systematic database of gene-expression patterns in Drosophila embryogenesis Haiqiong Montalta-He, Heinrich Reichert Genome Biology 2003, 4:205 (28 January 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary The establishment of a database of gene-expression patterns derived from systematic highthroughput in situ hybridization studies on whole-mount Drosophila embryos vastly increases the breadth and depth that can be reached by developmental genetics.
	Minireview DNA replication: telling time with microarrays Heather J McCune, Anne D Donaldson Genome Biology 2003, 4:204 (30 January 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Do contrasting results from yeast and a recent study in Drosophila imply that replication timing and transcriptional activity are differentially regulated in yeast and higher eukaryotes?
	Report
	Paper report Articles selected by Faculty of 1000: Salmonella physiology; artificial endonucleases; Ciona genome; image informatics; plant defense responses. Genome Biology 2003, 4:307 (15 January 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary A selection of evaluations from Faculty of 1000 covering gene expression in Salmonella, artificial endonucleases, the draft genome of Ciona intestinalis, the use of image informatics to analyze C. elegans behavior and transcript profiling of plant defense responses.
	Paper report Articles selected by Faculty of 1000: Y-chromosome imprinting in Drosophila; integrating post-genomic C. elegans data; NMR database; rice transposons; protein interactions and sequence divergence Genome Biology 2003, 4:308 (27 January 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary A selection of evaluations from Faculty of 1000 covering Y-chromosome imprinting in Drosophila, integrating post-genomic C. elegans data, an NMR database, rice transposons and protein interactions and sequence divergence.
	Meeting report The application of basic science to translational cancer research Paul Ko Ferrigno Genome Biology 2003, 4:305 (30 January 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary A report on the inaugural symposium of the Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge, UK, 24-25 October 2002.
	Meeting report Identifying transcribed sequences, and beyond Ruth Wellenreuther, Stephanie Bechtel Genome Biology 2003, 4:306 (30 January 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary A report on the 12th International Workshop 'Beyond the Identification of Transcribed Sequences (BITS): Functional, expression and Evolutionary Analysis', Washington DC, USA, 25-28 October 2002.
	Deposited research article Positional clustering of differentially expressed genes on human chromosomes 20, 21 and 22 Karine Mégy, Stéphane Audic, Jean-Michel Claverie Genome Biology 2003, 4:P1 (10 January 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary The relationship between gene co-expression and chromosomal co-localization in the human genome is expolored by analyzing the expression status of the genes along the best-annotated chromosomes 20, 21 and 22.
	Research news HP1 dynamics Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2003, 4:spotlight-20030203-01 (3 February 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Experiments with fluorescent HP1 proteins demonstrate the dynamic nature of heterochromatin in mammalian cells.
	Research news Generating polarity Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2003, 4:spotlight-20030204-01 (4 February 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Small GTPases play critical roles in establishing cell polarity in yeast and mammalian cells.
	Research news ATM autophosphorylation Jonathan Weitzman Genome Biology 2003, 4:spotlight-20030205-01 (5 February 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Phosphorylation regulates dimerization and activation of the ATM protein in response to DNA damage.
	Research news Chloroplast transfer Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2003, 4:spotlight-20030206-01 (6 February 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Experiments in tobacco plants demonstrate the speed of gene transfer from the chloroplast to the nucleus.
	Research news Phage integrase in mice Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2003, 4:spotlight-20030207-01 (7 February 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary The ΦC31 bacteriophage integrase makes a useful tool for engineering mammalian genomes.
	Research news Ain't got rhythm Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2003, 4:spotlight-20030210-01 (10 February 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Loss of function mutations in an ankyrin gene cause cardiac arrhythmia in mice and humans.
	Research news Skin deep Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2003, 4:spotlight-20030211-01 (11 February 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Ras activation and NFκB inhibition cooperate to induce neoplasia in a human skin cancer model.
	Research news Fishing out a cure for cancer Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2003, 4:spotlight-20030212-01 (12 February 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary The generation of a zebrafish model for Myc-induced leukaemia offers a powerful tool for finding drugs and mutations that prevent cancer.
	Research news Virology pioneer dies Emma Hitt Genome Biology 2003, 4:spotlight-20030213-01 (13 February 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Microbiologist Harold Ginsberg dies aged 85.
	Research news Essential clustering Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2003, 4:spotlight-20030213-02 (13 February 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Analysis of essential genes in the yeast genome provides more clues about the role of gene clustering.
	Research news Recycling PECAM Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2003, 4:spotlight-20030214-01 (14 February 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Dynamic targeting and recycling of cell adhesion molecules occurs during leukocyte transendothelial migration.
	Research news Interleukins in inflammation Jonathan Weitzman Genome Biology 2003, 4:spotlight-20030217-01 (17 February 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Gene targeting experiments in mice clarify the distinction between the roles of interleukins-23 and -12 in autoimmune inflammation.
	Research news Let your fingers do the walking Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2003, 4:spotlight-20030218-01 (18 February 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Designer transcription factors can be created by fusing zinc finger modules with activation or repression domains.
	Research news Notch-ing up cancer genes Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2003, 4:spotlight-20030219-01 (19 February 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Knocking out Notch1 in the skin reveals a role for Notch in preventing tumour formation.
	Research news Getting to the heart of mitochondrial function Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2003, 4:spotlight-20030220-01 (20 February 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Rigorous proteome analysis has uncovered the total protein complement of mitochondria purified from human heart tissue.
	Research news Phosphopeptide proteomics Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2003, 4:spotlight-20030221-01 (21 February 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Immobilized phosphopeptide libraries can be used to screen for novel phosphopeptide-binding proteins.
	Research news A question of taste Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2003, 4:spotlight-20030224-01 (24 February 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary A taste receptor gene involved in sensitivity to phenylthiocarbamide has been isolated.
	Research news Free access costs money Peg Brickley Genome Biology 2003, 4:spotlight-20030225-01 (25 February 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Microarray researchers support data-sharing but still struggle to fund repositories.
	Research news Tropheryma whipplei genome Tudor P Toma Genome Biology 2003, 4:spotlight-20030225-01 (26 February 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary The causative agent of Whipple's disease lacks key metabolism genes.
	Research news How bacteria induce stomach ulcers Jonathan Weitzman Genome Biology 2003, 4:spotlight-20030227-01 (27 February 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary A cytotoxin produced by Helicobacter pylori can bind to a protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor on epithelial cells and induces cell detachment that leads to ulcer formation.
	Research news Turning back the clock Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2003, 4:spotlight-20030228-01 (28 February 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary An antisense transcript from a locus encoding a component of the circadian clock is important for regulating the clock in the fungus Neurospora crassa.
	Research news Mitochondria are transferred Cathy Holding Genome Biology 2004, 4:spotlight-20040202-01 (2 February 2004) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Creation of homoplasmic xenomitochondrial mice could aid research into various diseases
	Research news Sex and the X Cathy Holding Genome Biology 2004, 4:spotlight-20040203-01 (3 February 2004) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary The X chromosome generates and receives more new genes by retrotransposition than autosomes
	Research news Flu virulence linked to species jump Cathy Holding Genome Biology 2004, 4:spotlight-20040206-01 (6 February 2004) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Structural information on the 1918 influenza virus could help control a future pandemic
	Research news Brain boost for the UK Stephen Pincock Genome Biology 2004, 4:spotlight-20040210-01 (10 February 2004) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Neuroscience projects funded by the MRC to the tune of £5 million
	Research news Plague doesn't protect Cathy Holding Genome Biology 2004, 4:spotlight-20040212-01 (12 February 2004) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Mice homozygous for CCR5 receptor deficiency are not protected against Yersinia pestis
	Research news Charity wins BRCA2 patent Susan Mayor Genome Biology 2004, 4:spotlight-20040213-01 (13 February 2004) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Genetics researchers welcome a decision that will make the gene freely available in Europe
	Research news Fraud spurs Cell paper retraction Theresa Tamkins Genome Biology 2004, 4:spotlight-20040213-02 (13 February 2004) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Postdoc fabricated data, leaving his career in tatters and embarrassing his boss
	Research news MRC gets thumbs up Robert Walgate Genome Biology 2004, 4:spotlight-20040219-01 (19 February 2004) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Medical research community feels the UK's funding shakeup is OK
	Research news Celera defends human sequence Cathy Holding Genome Biology 2004, 4:spotlight-20040220-01 (20 February 2004) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary An assessment published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences does little to impress a critic who was a member of the rival HGP
	Research news NIH offers $1000 genome grant Maria Anderson Genome Biology 2004, 4:spotlight-20040223-01 (23 February 2004) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary There is hope that the current cost of $10-50 million per mammalian genome can be reduced in 10 years
	Research news Spreading is key to X inactivation Cathy Holding Genome Biology 2004, 4:spotlight-20040224-01 (24 February 2004) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary The dosage compensation complex spreads from multiple sites in Caenorhabditis elegans
	Research news How Legionella manipulates cells David Secko Genome Biology 2004, 4:spotlight-20040227-01 (27 February 2004) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Genome analysis yields proteins implicated in the seizure of a protozoan exocytic pathway
	Research
	Research Evidence from comparative genomics for a complete sexual cycle in the 'asexual' pathogenic yeast Candida glabrata Simon Wong, Mario A Fares, Wolfgang Zimmermann, Geraldine Butler, Kenneth H Wolfe Genome Biology 2003, 4:R10 (23 January 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| 1 comment \| F1000 Biology \| Editor’s summary Candida glabrata is a pathogenic yeast of increasing medical concern. It has been regarded as asexual but is more closely related to sexual yeasts than other Candida species. It is shown here that the C. glabrata genome contains many genes apparently involved in sexual reproduction.
	Research Genesis and evolution of the Evx and Mox genes and the extended Hox and ParaHox gene clusters Carolina Minguillón, Jordi Garcia-Fernàndez Genome Biology 2003, 4:R12 (23 January 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary The origin and evolution of genes belonging to the extended Hox group of homeobox-containing genes, namely Mox and Evx, is obscure. Here, a scenario is proposed in which an Evx/Mox ancestor gene linked to a ProtoHox cluster was involved in a segmental tandem duplication event that generated an array of all Hox-like genes.
	Research Genome-wide analysis of microsatellite repeats in humans: their abundance and density in specific genomic regions Subbaya Subramanian, Rakesh K Mishra, Lalji Singh Genome Biology 2003, 4:R13 (23 January 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Simple sequence repeats are found in most organisms, and occupy about 3% of the human genome. The densities of simple sequence repeats across the human chromosomes were found to be relatively uniform. Tri- and hexa-nucleotide repeats are more abundant in exons, whereas other repeats are more abundant in non-coding regions.
	Research Lateral gene transfer and ancient paralogy of operons containing redundant copies of tryptophan-pathway genes in Xylella species and in heterocystous cyanobacteria Gary Xie, Carol A Bonner, Tom Brettin, Raphael Gottardo, Nemat O Keyhani, Roy A Jensen Genome Biology 2003, 4:R14 (29 January 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Tryptophan-pathway genes that exist within an apparent operon-like organization were evaluated. A seven-gene cluster in Xylella fastidiosa exhibits a sharply delineated low-GC content. This strongly implicates lateral gene transfer. In contrast, parametric studies and protein tree phylogenies did not support the origination of a gene block in the Anabaena/Nostoc lineage by lateral gene transfer.
	Research A search for doxycycline-dependent mutations that increase Drosophila melanogaster life span identifies the VhaSFD, Sugar baby, filamin, fwd and Cctl genes Gary N Landis, Deepak Bhole, John Tower Genome Biology 2003, 4:R8 (30 January 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Screening for conditional mutations that increase Drosophila life span has identified genes implicated in membrane transport, phospholipid metabolism and signaling, and actin cytoskeleton organization.
	Research Expression profiling of the schizont and trophozoite stages of Plasmodium falciparum with a long-oligonucleotide microarray Zbynek Bozdech, Jingchun Zhu, Marcin P Joachimiak, Fred E Cohen, Brian Pulliam, Joseph L DeRisi Genome Biology 2003, 4:R9 (31 January 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary DNA microarrays based on long oligonucleotides are powerful tools for the functional annotation of the Plasmodium falciparum genome. Expression profiling of trophozoites and schizonts revealed genes associated with stage-specific processes and may serve as the basis for future drug targets and vaccine development.
	Research Transcriptome analysis of Sinorhizobium meliloti during symbiosis Frederic Ampe, Ernö Kiss, Frédérique Sabourdy, Jacques Batut Genome Biology 2003, 4:R15 (31 January 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary The recently determined Sinorhizobium meliloti genome sequence was used to construct nylon macroarrays, to search for genes potentially relevant to symbiosis. Genes related to invasion, oxidative stress protection, iron mobilization, and signaling, were found emphasizing possible common mechanisms between symbiosis and pathogenesis.
	Research Evolutionary history, structural features and biochemical diversity of the NlpC/P60 superfamily of enzymes Vivek Anantharaman, L Aravind Genome Biology 2003, 4:R11 (3 February 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Detailed analysis of the N1pC/P60 peptidases showed that these proteins define a large superfamily encompassing several diverse groups of proteins. Evolutionary analysis of this superfamily shows that it comprises four major families, with diverse domain architectures in each of them.
	Software Integrating computationally assembled mouse transcript sequences with the Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) database Yunxia Zhu, Benjamin L King, Babak Parvizi, Brian P Brunk, Christian J Stoeckert, John Quackenbush, Joel Richardson, Carol J Bult Genome Biology 2003, 4:R16 (3 February 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary The analysis and results are presented of a semi-automated process of connecting transcript assemblies with highly curated biological information for mouse genes that is available through the Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) database.
	Correspondence
	Correspondence Myriads of protein families, and still counting Victor Kunin, Ildefonso Cases, Anton J Enright, Victor de Lorenzo, Christos A Ouzounis Genome Biology 2003, 4:401 (28 January 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary From the historical record of genome sequencing, we show that the rate of discovery of new families has remained constant over time, indicating that our knowledge of sequence space is far from complete.

	Volume 4 Issue 2
	Comment
	Comment Funky, not junky Gregory A Petsko Genome Biology 2003, 4:104 (29 January 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary In many respects, the most intriguing part of the mouse genome sequence is what it has told us about so-called 'junk' DNA sequences.
	Opinion Exploiting microarrays to reveal differential gene expression in the nervous system Robert S Griffin, Charles D Mills, Michael Costigan, Clifford J Woolf Genome Biology 2003, 4:105 (29 January 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary What is needed to get the most out of microarrays in terms of accurately and effectively revealing differential gene expression and regulation in the nervous system?
	Review
	Protein family review Sp1- and Krüppel-like transcription factors Joanna Kaczynski, Tiffany Cook, Raul Urrutia Genome Biology 2003, 4:206 (3 February 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Sp1-like proteins and Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are highly related zinc-finger proteins that are important components of the eukaryotic cellular transcriptional machinery. Members of the family have been identified in humans, frogs, worms and flies. They can function as activators or repressors depending on which promoter they bind and the coregulators with which they interact.
	Minireview Impressive expressions: developing a systematic database of gene-expression patterns in Drosophila embryogenesis Haiqiong Montalta-He, Heinrich Reichert Genome Biology 2003, 4:205 (28 January 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary The establishment of a database of gene-expression patterns derived from systematic highthroughput in situ hybridization studies on whole-mount Drosophila embryos vastly increases the breadth and depth that can be reached by developmental genetics.
	Minireview DNA replication: telling time with microarrays Heather J McCune, Anne D Donaldson Genome Biology 2003, 4:204 (30 January 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Do contrasting results from yeast and a recent study in Drosophila imply that replication timing and transcriptional activity are differentially regulated in yeast and higher eukaryotes?
	Report
	Paper report Articles selected by Faculty of 1000: Salmonella physiology; artificial endonucleases; Ciona genome; image informatics; plant defense responses. Genome Biology 2003, 4:307 (15 January 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary A selection of evaluations from Faculty of 1000 covering gene expression in Salmonella, artificial endonucleases, the draft genome of Ciona intestinalis, the use of image informatics to analyze C. elegans behavior and transcript profiling of plant defense responses.
	Paper report Articles selected by Faculty of 1000: Y-chromosome imprinting in Drosophila; integrating post-genomic C. elegans data; NMR database; rice transposons; protein interactions and sequence divergence Genome Biology 2003, 4:308 (27 January 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary A selection of evaluations from Faculty of 1000 covering Y-chromosome imprinting in Drosophila, integrating post-genomic C. elegans data, an NMR database, rice transposons and protein interactions and sequence divergence.
	Meeting report The application of basic science to translational cancer research Paul Ko Ferrigno Genome Biology 2003, 4:305 (30 January 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary A report on the inaugural symposium of the Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge, UK, 24-25 October 2002.
	Meeting report Identifying transcribed sequences, and beyond Ruth Wellenreuther, Stephanie Bechtel Genome Biology 2003, 4:306 (30 January 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary A report on the 12th International Workshop 'Beyond the Identification of Transcribed Sequences (BITS): Functional, expression and Evolutionary Analysis', Washington DC, USA, 25-28 October 2002.
	Deposited research article Positional clustering of differentially expressed genes on human chromosomes 20, 21 and 22 Karine Mégy, Stéphane Audic, Jean-Michel Claverie Genome Biology 2003, 4:P1 (10 January 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary The relationship between gene co-expression and chromosomal co-localization in the human genome is expolored by analyzing the expression status of the genes along the best-annotated chromosomes 20, 21 and 22.
	Research news HP1 dynamics Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2003, 4:spotlight-20030203-01 (3 February 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Experiments with fluorescent HP1 proteins demonstrate the dynamic nature of heterochromatin in mammalian cells.
	Research news Generating polarity Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2003, 4:spotlight-20030204-01 (4 February 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Small GTPases play critical roles in establishing cell polarity in yeast and mammalian cells.
	Research news ATM autophosphorylation Jonathan Weitzman Genome Biology 2003, 4:spotlight-20030205-01 (5 February 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Phosphorylation regulates dimerization and activation of the ATM protein in response to DNA damage.
	Research news Chloroplast transfer Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2003, 4:spotlight-20030206-01 (6 February 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Experiments in tobacco plants demonstrate the speed of gene transfer from the chloroplast to the nucleus.
	Research news Phage integrase in mice Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2003, 4:spotlight-20030207-01 (7 February 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary The ΦC31 bacteriophage integrase makes a useful tool for engineering mammalian genomes.
	Research news Ain't got rhythm Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2003, 4:spotlight-20030210-01 (10 February 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Loss of function mutations in an ankyrin gene cause cardiac arrhythmia in mice and humans.
	Research news Skin deep Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2003, 4:spotlight-20030211-01 (11 February 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Ras activation and NFκB inhibition cooperate to induce neoplasia in a human skin cancer model.
	Research news Fishing out a cure for cancer Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2003, 4:spotlight-20030212-01 (12 February 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary The generation of a zebrafish model for Myc-induced leukaemia offers a powerful tool for finding drugs and mutations that prevent cancer.
	Research news Virology pioneer dies Emma Hitt Genome Biology 2003, 4:spotlight-20030213-01 (13 February 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Microbiologist Harold Ginsberg dies aged 85.
	Research news Essential clustering Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2003, 4:spotlight-20030213-02 (13 February 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Analysis of essential genes in the yeast genome provides more clues about the role of gene clustering.
	Research news Recycling PECAM Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2003, 4:spotlight-20030214-01 (14 February 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Dynamic targeting and recycling of cell adhesion molecules occurs during leukocyte transendothelial migration.
	Research news Interleukins in inflammation Jonathan Weitzman Genome Biology 2003, 4:spotlight-20030217-01 (17 February 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Gene targeting experiments in mice clarify the distinction between the roles of interleukins-23 and -12 in autoimmune inflammation.
	Research news Let your fingers do the walking Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2003, 4:spotlight-20030218-01 (18 February 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Designer transcription factors can be created by fusing zinc finger modules with activation or repression domains.
	Research news Notch-ing up cancer genes Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2003, 4:spotlight-20030219-01 (19 February 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Knocking out Notch1 in the skin reveals a role for Notch in preventing tumour formation.
	Research news Getting to the heart of mitochondrial function Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2003, 4:spotlight-20030220-01 (20 February 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Rigorous proteome analysis has uncovered the total protein complement of mitochondria purified from human heart tissue.
	Research news Phosphopeptide proteomics Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2003, 4:spotlight-20030221-01 (21 February 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Immobilized phosphopeptide libraries can be used to screen for novel phosphopeptide-binding proteins.
	Research news A question of taste Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2003, 4:spotlight-20030224-01 (24 February 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary A taste receptor gene involved in sensitivity to phenylthiocarbamide has been isolated.
	Research news Free access costs money Peg Brickley Genome Biology 2003, 4:spotlight-20030225-01 (25 February 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Microarray researchers support data-sharing but still struggle to fund repositories.
	Research news Tropheryma whipplei genome Tudor P Toma Genome Biology 2003, 4:spotlight-20030225-01 (26 February 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary The causative agent of Whipple's disease lacks key metabolism genes.
	Research news How bacteria induce stomach ulcers Jonathan Weitzman Genome Biology 2003, 4:spotlight-20030227-01 (27 February 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary A cytotoxin produced by Helicobacter pylori can bind to a protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor on epithelial cells and induces cell detachment that leads to ulcer formation.
	Research news Turning back the clock Jonathan B Weitzman Genome Biology 2003, 4:spotlight-20030228-01 (28 February 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary An antisense transcript from a locus encoding a component of the circadian clock is important for regulating the clock in the fungus Neurospora crassa.
	Research news Mitochondria are transferred Cathy Holding Genome Biology 2004, 4:spotlight-20040202-01 (2 February 2004) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Creation of homoplasmic xenomitochondrial mice could aid research into various diseases
	Research news Sex and the X Cathy Holding Genome Biology 2004, 4:spotlight-20040203-01 (3 February 2004) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary The X chromosome generates and receives more new genes by retrotransposition than autosomes
	Research news Flu virulence linked to species jump Cathy Holding Genome Biology 2004, 4:spotlight-20040206-01 (6 February 2004) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Structural information on the 1918 influenza virus could help control a future pandemic
	Research news Brain boost for the UK Stephen Pincock Genome Biology 2004, 4:spotlight-20040210-01 (10 February 2004) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Neuroscience projects funded by the MRC to the tune of £5 million
	Research news Plague doesn't protect Cathy Holding Genome Biology 2004, 4:spotlight-20040212-01 (12 February 2004) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Mice homozygous for CCR5 receptor deficiency are not protected against Yersinia pestis
	Research news Charity wins BRCA2 patent Susan Mayor Genome Biology 2004, 4:spotlight-20040213-01 (13 February 2004) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Genetics researchers welcome a decision that will make the gene freely available in Europe
	Research news Fraud spurs Cell paper retraction Theresa Tamkins Genome Biology 2004, 4:spotlight-20040213-02 (13 February 2004) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Postdoc fabricated data, leaving his career in tatters and embarrassing his boss
	Research news MRC gets thumbs up Robert Walgate Genome Biology 2004, 4:spotlight-20040219-01 (19 February 2004) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Medical research community feels the UK's funding shakeup is OK
	Research news Celera defends human sequence Cathy Holding Genome Biology 2004, 4:spotlight-20040220-01 (20 February 2004) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary An assessment published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences does little to impress a critic who was a member of the rival HGP
	Research news NIH offers $1000 genome grant Maria Anderson Genome Biology 2004, 4:spotlight-20040223-01 (23 February 2004) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary There is hope that the current cost of $10-50 million per mammalian genome can be reduced in 10 years
	Research news Spreading is key to X inactivation Cathy Holding Genome Biology 2004, 4:spotlight-20040224-01 (24 February 2004) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary The dosage compensation complex spreads from multiple sites in Caenorhabditis elegans
	Research news How Legionella manipulates cells David Secko Genome Biology 2004, 4:spotlight-20040227-01 (27 February 2004) Abstract \| Full text \| Editor’s summary Genome analysis yields proteins implicated in the seizure of a protozoan exocytic pathway
	Research
	Research Evidence from comparative genomics for a complete sexual cycle in the 'asexual' pathogenic yeast Candida glabrata Simon Wong, Mario A Fares, Wolfgang Zimmermann, Geraldine Butler, Kenneth H Wolfe Genome Biology 2003, 4:R10 (23 January 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| 1 comment \| F1000 Biology \| Editor’s summary Candida glabrata is a pathogenic yeast of increasing medical concern. It has been regarded as asexual but is more closely related to sexual yeasts than other Candida species. It is shown here that the C. glabrata genome contains many genes apparently involved in sexual reproduction.
	Research Genesis and evolution of the Evx and Mox genes and the extended Hox and ParaHox gene clusters Carolina Minguillón, Jordi Garcia-Fernàndez Genome Biology 2003, 4:R12 (23 January 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary The origin and evolution of genes belonging to the extended Hox group of homeobox-containing genes, namely Mox and Evx, is obscure. Here, a scenario is proposed in which an Evx/Mox ancestor gene linked to a ProtoHox cluster was involved in a segmental tandem duplication event that generated an array of all Hox-like genes.
	Research Genome-wide analysis of microsatellite repeats in humans: their abundance and density in specific genomic regions Subbaya Subramanian, Rakesh K Mishra, Lalji Singh Genome Biology 2003, 4:R13 (23 January 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Simple sequence repeats are found in most organisms, and occupy about 3% of the human genome. The densities of simple sequence repeats across the human chromosomes were found to be relatively uniform. Tri- and hexa-nucleotide repeats are more abundant in exons, whereas other repeats are more abundant in non-coding regions.
	Research Lateral gene transfer and ancient paralogy of operons containing redundant copies of tryptophan-pathway genes in Xylella species and in heterocystous cyanobacteria Gary Xie, Carol A Bonner, Tom Brettin, Raphael Gottardo, Nemat O Keyhani, Roy A Jensen Genome Biology 2003, 4:R14 (29 January 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Tryptophan-pathway genes that exist within an apparent operon-like organization were evaluated. A seven-gene cluster in Xylella fastidiosa exhibits a sharply delineated low-GC content. This strongly implicates lateral gene transfer. In contrast, parametric studies and protein tree phylogenies did not support the origination of a gene block in the Anabaena/Nostoc lineage by lateral gene transfer.
	Research A search for doxycycline-dependent mutations that increase Drosophila melanogaster life span identifies the VhaSFD, Sugar baby, filamin, fwd and Cctl genes Gary N Landis, Deepak Bhole, John Tower Genome Biology 2003, 4:R8 (30 January 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Screening for conditional mutations that increase Drosophila life span has identified genes implicated in membrane transport, phospholipid metabolism and signaling, and actin cytoskeleton organization.
	Research Expression profiling of the schizont and trophozoite stages of Plasmodium falciparum with a long-oligonucleotide microarray Zbynek Bozdech, Jingchun Zhu, Marcin P Joachimiak, Fred E Cohen, Brian Pulliam, Joseph L DeRisi Genome Biology 2003, 4:R9 (31 January 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary DNA microarrays based on long oligonucleotides are powerful tools for the functional annotation of the Plasmodium falciparum genome. Expression profiling of trophozoites and schizonts revealed genes associated with stage-specific processes and may serve as the basis for future drug targets and vaccine development.
	Research Transcriptome analysis of Sinorhizobium meliloti during symbiosis Frederic Ampe, Ernö Kiss, Frédérique Sabourdy, Jacques Batut Genome Biology 2003, 4:R15 (31 January 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary The recently determined Sinorhizobium meliloti genome sequence was used to construct nylon macroarrays, to search for genes potentially relevant to symbiosis. Genes related to invasion, oxidative stress protection, iron mobilization, and signaling, were found emphasizing possible common mechanisms between symbiosis and pathogenesis.
	Research Evolutionary history, structural features and biochemical diversity of the NlpC/P60 superfamily of enzymes Vivek Anantharaman, L Aravind Genome Biology 2003, 4:R11 (3 February 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary Detailed analysis of the N1pC/P60 peptidases showed that these proteins define a large superfamily encompassing several diverse groups of proteins. Evolutionary analysis of this superfamily shows that it comprises four major families, with diverse domain architectures in each of them.
	Software Integrating computationally assembled mouse transcript sequences with the Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) database Yunxia Zhu, Benjamin L King, Babak Parvizi, Brian P Brunk, Christian J Stoeckert, John Quackenbush, Joel Richardson, Carol J Bult Genome Biology 2003, 4:R16 (3 February 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary The analysis and results are presented of a semi-automated process of connecting transcript assemblies with highly curated biological information for mouse genes that is available through the Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) database.
	Correspondence
	Correspondence Myriads of protein families, and still counting Victor Kunin, Ildefonso Cases, Anton J Enright, Victor de Lorenzo, Christos A Ouzounis Genome Biology 2003, 4:401 (28 January 2003) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| Editor’s summary From the historical record of genome sequencing, we show that the rate of discovery of new families has remained constant over time, indicating that our knowledge of sequence space is far from complete.

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